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Eyewear Frames - Catch the Wave of Fashion
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The History of Bakelite
Dr. Leo Baekland, a scientist, was responsible for the discovery of bakelite. He was born in Belgian. In 1889 he immigrated the the USA hoping for better career opportunities. In 1907 he was working as independent chemist when by accident he discovered the compound of carbolic acid and formaldehyde. When he tried to reheat the solidified compound he discovered it would not melt no matter how high the temperature.
Shortly after he trademarked "Bakelite" as well as two other variations "catalin" and "marblette" which today are also referred to as bakelite.
Bakelite was the first synthetic plastic. Because of its durability and beauty its uses were simply endless, it grew in popularity very quickly and within 15 years it had taken the world by storm. You could find everything from electrical plugs, to ornate jewelry made from bakelite. It was even used on the dashboard face of the Mercedes Benz car.
It could be produced in a wide array of colors, but most common where white, brown, green and red. Bakelite dating back to the 1920s-1940's has oxidized and developed a wonderful patina that is sometime a completely different hue than the original color. For example, White is often seen as butterscotch, light blue changes to forest green, pink turns to orange.
Because of this invention, Dr Beakeland is seen as the father of the present plastic industry. The costume jewelry from the 1920's-1940's bakelite era is highly sought after. So how do you determine if it is actually made of bakelite? There are a couple of fairly simple tests. Although not full proof they work pretty well.
Smell - When bakelite is heated it has a very strong odor which comes from the carbolic acid in the composition. On some pieces you can release the smell simply by rubbing them hard with your thumb and creating heat. Others will need very hot water to release the odor. Still on others the odor is so faint you may not detect it.
Sound - When you tap two bakelite pieces together they will make a deep clunking sound, rather than the higher pitched clack of acrylic or Lucite plastics. This test is the most unreliable as it is difficult to interpret the sound because the density of the items affects the sound you hear.
Hot Pin Test - Bakelite is a thermoset plastic so it cannot be remolded with heat. To test if a piece is bakelite get a very very hot pin from an open flame source, then touch the pin to the item. If it is bakelite it will not penetrate. It may give off the acid smell and it may leave a purple burn mark. If the pin penetrates or melts the plastic then it is not bakelite. Use caution when doing this test as it can devalue the bakelite piece considerable, and it may do serious damage to other types of plastic should the piece turn out not to be bakelite. If you proceed with this test be sure to find a very inconspicuous spot. Also if the
material should be celluloid, it is very flammable and can be very dangerous. If you suspect the piece may be celluloid I recommend you "do not" conduct this test. When ever you are conducting this test you should wear the appropriate safety equipment such as eye goggles and gloves.
Formula 409 or Scrubbing Bubbles or Simichrome - this product works very well to test whether an item is bakelite. Make sure the item is clean, wet the end of a Q-tip with Formula 409 then touch it to the piece. If the Q-tip turns yellow then the piece is bakelite. If you believe a piece is bakelite but it doesn't pass the 409 test don't count it out. Sometimes polished bakelite will not react or pass the test.
The best way to recognize bakelite comes with experience. After you've seen enough pieces you will easily recognize it. There are also some excellent books on the market that you might find helpful.
• BAKELITE JEWELRY - Tony Grasso
• THE BEST OF BAKELITE AND OTHER PALSTIC JEWELRY - Dee Battle & Alayne Lesser
• BAKELITE JEWELRY GOOD*BETTER*BEST - Donna Wassertrom & Leslie Pina
Bakelite has always been known as the material with 1000 uses, and it surely did earn this name. Bakelite is now treasured for its unique, unreproducible beauty. When the Bakelite patent expired in 1927, it was acquired by the Catalin Corporation that same year. They began mass production under the name "Catalin. The Catalin Corporation was responsible for nearly 70% of all phenolic resins that exist today.
Bakelite-Catalin was sold mainly to companies like Saks Fifth Avenue, Bonwit Teller, Woolworth's, and Sears. Much of the wealthy society fell into touch times during the depression and could not longer afford the Tiffany diamonds or Cartier Jewelry. Bakelite-Catalin took up the market slack with its colorful carved jewelry adorned with rhinestones. This jewelry was within the reach of all and its popularity grew from the poorest to the wealthiest in society.
In 1942 Bakelite-Catalin stopped sales of their colorful costume jewelry in order to concentrate on the nation's wartime needs. They produced thousands of products found their way into the military.
By the end of the war new technologies were for molded plastics had been developed. These new products consisted of plastics such as Lucite, Fiberglass, Vinyl, and Acrylic all which were molded. Bakelite and Catalin become obsolete except in the hearts of collectors who still pursue it today.
About the Author
© Copyright Sher Matsen, All Rights Reserved.
About the author:
Sher has been serving customers for over 20 years, providing affordable estate jewelry, and a wealth of information on jewelry, fashion, designers, and beauty with on staff industry professionals. Please visit us at Estate Jewelry International.
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