Search
Related Links

 

 

Informative Articles

ARE YOU PLACING YOUR CHILDREN IN DANGER?
More than ever before it has become absolutely crucial for people to pay attention to their surroundings and the people they meet. There are now hundreds of organizations and websites dedicated to the safety and welfare of young children and yet,...

Emotional Freedom - At YOUR Fingertips!
What would you say if I told you I know of a simple method that can make emotional stress such as upset, anger, fear, concern and distress simply melt away in a few minutes and all you had to do to achieve this is simply touch a few "magical...

Happy Marriage Secrets
Having a happy marriage doesn't necessarily come easily just because you love each other. While love is very important in a marriage sometimes it just isn't enough and you have to work at your marriage just like any other relationship....

How to Find Sustain and Share Happiness
Happiness- you can’t beg for it or buy it or even barter for it. You can however create it and better yet sustain it. If you want to be happier long-term make creating and sustaining happiness a priority and apply the following happiness...

Marriage - Miscommunication... Root Cause of Problems?
People of two opposing ideas can stir up arguments and fights. It's that situation when one thinks he has the right concept while the other one also believes he has the proper notion. Both of them would try to outsmart each other until one claims...

 
The Science of Mother Love


A growing body of scientific evidence shows that the way babies are cared for by their mothers will determine not only their emotional development, but the biological development of the child's brain and central nervous system as well. The nature of love, and how the capacity to love develops, has become the subject of scientific study over the last decade. New data is emerging from a multitude of disciplines including neurology, psychology, biology, ethology, anthropology and neurocardiology. Something scientific disciplines find in common when putting love under the microscope is that in addition to shaping the brains of infants, mother's love acts as a template for love itself and has far reaching effects on her child's ability to love throughout life.

To mothers holding their newborn babies it will come as little surprise that the 'decade of the brain' has lead science to the wisdom of the mother's heart.

According to Alan Schore, assistant clinical professor in the department of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at UCLA School of Medicine, a major conclusion of the last decade of developmental neuroscience research is that the infant brain is designed to be molded by the environment it encounters.1 In other words, babies are born with a certain set of genetics, but they must be activated by early experience and interaction. Schore believes the most crucial component of these earliest interactions is the primary caregiver - the mother. "The child's first relationship, the one with the mother, acts as a template, as it permanently molds the individual's capacities to enter into all later emotional relationships." Others agree. The first months of an infant's life constitute what is known as a critical period - a time when events are imprinted in the nervous system.

"Hugs and kisses during these critical periods make those neurons grow and connect properly with other neurons." Says Dr. Arthur Janov, in his book Biology of Love. "You can kiss that brain into maturity."

Hormones, The Language of Love

In his beautiful book, The Scientification of Love, French obstetrician Michel Odent explains how Oxytocin, a hormone released by the pituitary gland stimulates the release of chemical messengers in the heart. Oxytocin, which is essential during birth, stimulating contractions, and during lactation, stimulating the 'milk ejection reflex', is also involved in other 'loving behaviors'. "It is noticeable that whatever the facet of love we consider, oxytocin is involved.' Says Odent. "During intercourse both partners - female and male - release oxytocin." One study even shows that the simple act of sharing a meal with other people increases our levels of this 'love hormone'.2

The altruistic oxytocin is part of a complex hormonal balance. A sudden release of Oxytocin creates an urge toward loving which can be directed in different ways depending on the presence of other hormones, which is why there are different types of love. For example, with a high level of prolactin, a well-known mothering hormone, the urge to love is directed toward babies.

While Oxytocin is an altruistic hormone and prolactin a mothering hormone, endorphins represent our 'reward system'. "Each time we mammals do something that benefits the survival of the species, we are rewarded by the secretion of these morphine-like substances." Says Odent.

During birth there is also an increase in the level of endorphins in the fetus so that in the moments following birth both mother and baby are under the effects of opiates. The role of these hormones is to encourage dependency, which ensures a strong attachment between mother and infant. In situations of failed affectional bonding between mother and baby there will be a deficiency of the appropriate hormones, which could leave a child susceptible to substance abuse in later life as the system continually attempts to right itself.3 You can say no to drugs, but not to neurobiology. Human brains have evolved from earlier mammals. The first portion of our brain that evolved on top of its reptilian heritage is the limbic system, the seat of emotion. It is this portion of the brain that permits mothers and their babies to bond. Mothers and babies are hardwired for the experience of togetherness. The habits of breastfeeding, co-sleeping, and babywearing practiced by the majority of! mothers in non-industrialized cultures, and more and more in our own, facilitate two of the main components needed for optimal mother/child bonding: proximity and touch.

PROXIMITY, Between Mammals, the Nature of Love is Heart to Heart

In many ways it's obvious why a helpless newborn would require continuous close proximity to a caregiver; they're helpless and unable to provide for themselves. But science is unveiling other less obvious benefits of holding baby close. Mother/child bonding isn't just for brains, but is also an affair of the heart. In his 1992 work, Evolution's End, Joseph Chilton Pearce describes the dual role of the heart cell, saying that it not only contracts and expands rhythmically to pump blood, it communicates with its fellow cells. "If you isolate a cell from the heart, keep it alive and examine it through a microscope, you will see it lose it's synchronous rhythm and begin to fibrillate until it dies. If you put another isolated heart cell on that microscopic slide it will also fibrillate . If you move the two cells within a certain proximity, however , they synchronize and beat in unison." Perhaps this is why most mothers instinctively place their babies to their left breast, keep! ing those hearts in proximity. The heart produces the hormone, ANF that dramatically affects every major system of the body. "All evidence indicates that the mother's developed heart stimulates the newborn heart, thereby activating a dialogue between the infant's brain-mind and heart." says Pearce who believes this heart to heart communication activates intelligences in the mother also. "On holding her infant in the left-breast position with its corresponding heart contact, a major block of dormant intelligences is activated in the mother, causing precise shifts of brain function and permanent behavior changes." In this beautiful dynamic the infant's system is activated by being held closely; and this proximity also stimulates a new intelligence in the mother, which helps her to respond to and nurture her infant. Pretty nifty plan - and another good reason to aim for a natural birth. If nature is handing out intelligence to help us in our role as mothers we want to be awake ! and alert!

TOUCH

"The easiest and quickest way to induce depression and alienation in an infant or child is not to touch it, hold it, or carry it on your body." - James W. Prescott, PhD

Research in neuroscience has shown that touch is necessary for human development and that a lack of touch damages not only individuals, but our whole society. Human touch and love is essential to health. A lack of stimulus and touch very early on causes the stress hormone, cortisol to be released which creates a toxic brain environment and can damage certain brain structures. According to James W. Prescott, PhD, of the Institute of Humanistic Science, and former research scientist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, sensory deprivation results in behavioral abnormalities such as depression, impulse dyscontrol, violence, substance abuse, and in impaired immunological functioning in mother deprived infants.4 For over a million years babies have enjoyed almost constant in-arms contact with their mothers or other caregivers, usually members of an extended family, receiving constant touch for the first year or so of life. "In nature's nativity scene, ! mother's arms have always been baby's bed, breakfast, transportation, even entertainment, and, for most of the world's babies, they still are." says developmental psychologist, Sharon Heller in, The Vital Touch: How Intimate Contact With Your Baby Leads to Happier, Healthier Development.5

To babies,touch = love and fully loved babies develop healthy brains. During the critical period of development following birth the infant brain is undergoing a massive growth of neural connections. Synaptic connections in the cortex continue to proliferate for about two years, when they peak. During this period one of the most crucial things to survival and healthy development is touch. All mammal mothers seem to know this instinctively, and, if allowed to bond successfully with their babies they will provide continuous loving touch.

Touch deprivation in infant monkeys is so traumatic their whole system goes haywire, with an increase of stress hormones, increased heart rate, compromised immune system and sleep disturbances.6

With only 25% of our adult brain size, we are the least mature at birth of any mammal. Anthropologist, Ashley Montagu concluded that given our upright position and large brains, human infants are born prematurely while our heads can still fit through the birth canal, and that brain development must therefore extend into postnatal life. He believed the human gestation period to actually be eighteen months long - nine in the womb and another nine outside it, and that touch is absolutely vital to this time of "exterogestation."7

Newborns are born expecting to be held, handled, cuddled, rubbed, kissed, and maybe even licked! All mammals lick their newborns vigorously, off and on, during the first hours and days after birth in order to activate their sensory nerve endings, which are involved in motor movements, spatial, and visual orientation. These nerve endings cannot be activated until after birth due to the insulation of the watery womb environment and the coating of vernix casseus on the baby's skin.

Recall Dr. Janov's claim that you can kiss a brain into maturity. Janov believes that very early touch is central to developing a healthy brain. "Irrespective of the neurojuices involved, it is clear that lack of love changes the chemicals in the brain and can eventually change the structure of that brain."

BREASTFEEDING: Liquid Love

Breastfeeding neatly brings together nourishment for baby with the need for closeness shared by mother and child; and is another crucial way that mother's love helps shape baby's brain. Research shows that breastmilk is the perfect "brain food", essential for normal brain development, particularly, those brain processes associated with depression, violence, and social and sexual behaviors.8

Mother's milk, a living liquid, contains just the right amount of fatty acids, lactose, water, and amino acids for human digestion, brain development, and growth. It also contains many immunities a baby needs in early life while her own immune system is maturing. One more instance of mother extending her own power, (love) to her developing child.

LIMBIC REGULATION: The Loop of Love

Another key to understanding how a mother's love shapes the


emerging capacities of her infant is what doctors Thomas Lewis, Fari Amini, and Richard Lannon , authors of A General Theory of Love, call limbic regulation; a mutually synchronizing hormonal exchange between mother and child which serves to regulate vital rhythms.

Human physiology, they say, does not direct all of its own functions; it is interdependent. It must be steadied by the physical presence of another to maintain both physical and emotional health. "Limbic regulation mandates interdependence for social mammals of all ages." says Lewis, "But young mammals are in special need of it's guidance: their neural systems are not only immature but also growing and changing. One of the physiologic processes that limbic regulation directs, in other words, is the development of the brain itself - and that means attachment determines the ultimate nature of a child's mind." A baby's physiology is maximally open-loop: without limbic regulation, vital rhythms collapse posing great danger, even death.

The regulatory information required by infants can alter hormone levels, cardiovascular function, sleep rhythms, immune function, and more. Lewis, et al contend that , the steady piston of mother's heart along with the regularity of her breathing coordinate the ebb and flow of an infant's young internal rhythms. They believe sleep to be an intricate brain rhythm which the neurally immature infant must first borrow from parents. "Although it sounds outlandish to some American ears, exposure to parents can keep a sleeping baby alive."

The Myth of Independence

This interdependence mandated by limbic regulation is vital during infancy, but it's also something we need throughout the rest of childhood and on into adulthood. In many ways, humans cannot be stable on their own-we require others to survive. Recall that our nervous systems are not self-contained; they link with those of the people close to us in a silent rhythm that helps regulate our physiology. This is not a popular notion in a culture that values independence over interdependence. However, as a society that cherishes individual freedoms more than any other, we must respect the process whereby autonomy develops.

Children require ongoing neural synchrony from parents in order for their natural capacity for self-directedness to emerge. A mother's love is a continuous shaping force throughout childhood and requires an adequate stage of dependency. The work of Mary Ainsworth has shown that maternal responsiveness and close bodily contact lead to the unfolding of self-reliance and self confidence.9 Because our culture does not sufficiently value interpersonal relationships, the mother/child bond is not recognized and supported as it could be.

The ability of a mother to read the emotional state of her child is older than our own species, and is essential to our survival, health and happiness. We are reminded of this each time a hurt child changes from sad/scared/angry to peaceful in our loving embrace. Warm human contact generates the internal release of opiates, making mother's love a powerful anodyne. Even teenagers who sometimes behave as if they are 'so over' the need for a mother's affection must be kept in the limbic loop. Children at this age might be at special risk for falling through the emotional cracks. If they don't get the emotional regulation that family relationships are designed to provide, their hungry brains may seek ineffectual substitutes like drugs and alcohol.

Children left too long under the electronic stewardship of television, video games, etc., are not receiving the steady limbic connection with a resonant parent. Without this a child cannot internalize emotional balance properly.

Our hearts and brains are hardwired for love, and from infancy to old age our health and happiness depend on receiving it.

As the research keeps coming in and we gain a gradually expanding vision of how mother love shapes our species, we see an obvious need to take steps to protect and provide for the mother/child bond. We can take heart knowing that all the while we carry in our genes over a million years of evolutionary refinements equipping us for our role as mothers. The answers sought by science beat steadily within our own hearts.

Notes 1. Schore, Alan, Effects of a Secure Attachment Relationship on Right Brain Development, Affect Regulation, and Infant Mental Health, 2001 2.Verbalis, J.G., McCann, McHale and Stricker, 'Oxytocin secretion in response to cholecystoknin and food: differentiation of nausea from satiety.' Science 1986, 232: 1417-19 3. Prescott, James W., PhD, Breastfeeding: Brain Nutrients in Brain Development For Human Love and Peace, From Touch The Future Newsletter, Spring 1997 http://www.violence.de/prescott/ttf/article.html 4. Prescott, James W., PhD, The Origins of Human Love and Violence, From Pre and Perinatal Psychology Journal, Volume 10, #3: Spring 1996 5. Henry Holt, 1997 6. Prescott, James W. , Ph.D , Rock A Bye Baby, Time Life Documentary, 1970, Executive Producer: Lothar Wolff, Scientific Consultant. (last modified 2001/04/16). 7. Montagu, Ashley Touching : The Human Significance of the Skin, Harper, 1986 8. Prescott, James W., PhD, Breastfeeding: Brain Nutrients in Brain Development For Human Love and Peace, From Touch The Future Newsletter, Spring 1997 http://www.violence.de/prescott/ttf/article.html 9. Ainsworth, M.D.S., "Attachments Across the Life Span." Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 61, 1985

References

Carmichael, M.S., Warburton, V.L., Dixen, J., and Davidson, J.M. (1994). Relationships among cardiovascular, muscular, and oxytocin responses during human sexual activity. Archives of Sexual Behavior. Feb. 23(1):59-79.

Carter, C.S., Willams, J.R., Witt, D.M., Insel, T;;.R. (1992). Oxytocin and social bonding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Jun 12. 652:204-211.

Castrogiovanni, P., Capone, M.R., Maremmani, I. and Marazziti, D. (1994). Platelet serotonergic markers and aggressive behaviour in healthy subjects. Neuropsychobiology. 29(3):105-107.

Cook, P.S. (1996). Early Child Care: Infants & Nations At Risk. News Weekly Books Melbourne

Fazzolari-Nesci, A., Domianello, D., Sotera, V. and Raiha, N.C. (1992). Tryptophan fortification of adapted formula increaes plasma tryptophan concentrations to levels not different from those found in breast-fed infants. J. Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. May. 14(4): 456-459.

Ferris, C.F., Foote, K.B., Melster, H.M., Plenby, M.G., Smith, K.L., Insel, T.R. (1992). Oxytocin in the amygdala facilitates maternal aggression. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. June 12. 652:456-457.

Gutkowska, J., Antunes-Rodrigues, J. and McCann, S.M.'Atrialnatriuretic peptide in brain and pituitary gland.' Physiological Review 1997; 77; 2:465-515

Higley, J.D., Suomi, S.J., Linnoila, M. (1990). Parallels in Aggression and Serotonin: Consideration of Development, Rearing History, and Sex Differences. In: Violence and Suicidality: Perspectives In Clinical and Psychobiological Research (Herman van Praag, Robert Plutchik and Alan Apter, Eds) NY: Brummer/Mazel.

Higley, J.D., Hasert, M.F., Suomi, S.J. and Linnoila, M. (1991). Nonhuman primate model of alcohol abuse: Effects of early experience, personality, and stress on alcohol consumption.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA V. 88, 7261-7265.

Insel, T.R. (1992). Oxytocin--a nuropeptide for affiliation: evidence from behavioral, receptor autoradiographic, and comparative studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 17(1):3-35.

Kamimura, S., Eguchi, K., Sekiba, K. (1991). Tryptophan and its metabolite concentrations in human plasma and breast milk during the perinatal period. Acta Medica Okayama. April 45(2):101-106.

Lanting, D.I., Fidler, V. Huisman, M., Touwen, B.C., Boersma, E.R. (1994). Neurological differences between 9-year old children fed breast-milk or formula-milk as babies. (1994). Lancet. Nov 12 344(8933):1319-22.

Mahalati, K., Okanoya, K., Witt, D.M., Carter, C.S. (1991). Oxytocin inhibits male sexual behavior in prairie voles. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. May. 39(1)219-22

Murphy, M.R. Checkley, s.A., Secki, J.R., Lightman, S.L. (1990). Naloxone inhibits oxytocin release at orgasm in man. (1990). J. of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Oct. 71(4):1056-1058.

Neuringer, M. (1993). Cerebral cortex docosahexaenoic acid is lower in formula-fed than in breast-fed infants.Nutrition Reviews. August 51(8):238-41.

Newman, J. (1995). How Breast Milk Protects Newborns. Scientific American. December.

Prescott, J.W. (l979): Deprivation of physical affection as a primary process in the develop- ment of physical violence. In. Child Abuse and Violence (Gil, D. G., Ed). AMS Press

Prescott, J.W. (1996). The Origins of Human Love and Violence. Pre- and Perinatal Journal of Psychology. 10 (3):143-188

Prescott, J.W. (2001) America's Lost Dream: Life, Liberty And the Pursuit of Happiness. The Association for Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health 10th International Congress: Birth - The Genesis of Health.

Raine, A., Brennan, P. and Mednick, S.A. (1994). Birth complication combined with early maternal rejection at Age 1 year predispose to violent crime at age 18 years. Arch. Gen. Psych. V51:984-988.

Salk,L., Lipsitt, L.P., Sturner, W.Q., Reilly, B.M. and Levate, R.HJ. (1985). Relationship of maternal and perinatal conditions to eventual adolescent suicide. The Lancet. March 15.

Uauy, R. and De Andraca, I. (1995). Human milk and breast feeding for optimal mental development. J. of Nutrition. August 125(8 Suppl):2278S-2280S.

Werner, E. and Smith, R.S. (1992). Overcoming the odds. High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood. Cornell University Press. Ithaca and London.

Winslow, J.T. and Insel, T.R. (1991). Social status in pairs of male squirrel monkeys determines the behavioral response to central oxytocin administration. J. of Neuroscience. Jul 11(7):2032-2038.

Winslow, J.T., Hastings, N., Carter, C.S., Harbaugh, C.R., Insel, T.R. (1993). A role for central vasopressin in pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles. Nature. Oct 7. 365(6446):545-548.

Winslow, J.T., Shapiro, L., Carter, C.S., Insel, T.R. (1993). Oxytocin and complex social behavior: species comparisons. Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 29(3):409-414.

Cori Young has been researching human development for nearly a decade, and is currently working on a book about birth and bonding. She is also an herbalist, and publisher of http://www.HerbalRemediesInfo.com


cori@herbalremediesinfo.com


 

Happiness (1998)
Happiness on IMDb: Movies, TV, Celebs, and more...
www.imdb.com
 
Happiness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Happiness is an emotional or affective state that feels good or pleasing. ... Happiness is often correlated to the presence of favorable events (such as a ...
en.wikipedia.org
 
Happiness Quotes | Happiness Quotations | Happiness Sayings ...
Quotes on Happiness - part of a larger collection of Wisdom Quotes to challenge and inspire. Find Happiness quotations and links to quotes on other topics.
www.wisdomquotes.com
 
--"Finding True Happiness and Self-actualization" :: How-to-be ...
A variety of self-help resources to help people find happiness and achieve self-actualization. Includes books, ebooks, newsletters, and free articles.
www.thehappyguy.com
 
:: Authentic Happiness :: Using the new Positive Psychology
Authentic Happiness has almost 400000 registered users around the world. You are welcome to use all of the resources on this website for free. ...
www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu
 
Welcome to The Happiness Project
The Happiness Project - Official Website of Dr. Robert Holden and The Happiness Project - as featured in the award winning BBC documentary 'How to be Happy'
www.happiness.co.uk
 
World Database of Happiness
A continuous register of scientific research on subjective appreciation of life directed by Ruut Veenhoven, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
www.eur.nl
 
Happiness Magazine
Happiness! Joy! Contentment! These can be yours! Discover how you can be happy in your day to day life. Enjoy yummy recipes and fun puzzles like Sudoku, ...
www.happiness.com
 
The Way to Happiness
The Way to Happiness - a simple, straightforward & direct guide for making good choices.
www.twth.org
 
Happiness
An evolutionary theory of happiness must clarify the connection between the ... The cybernetic theory of happiness says that the presence of these three ...
pespmc1.vub.ac.be
 
BBC NEWS | Programmes | Happiness Formula
Visit BBC News for up-to-the-minute news, breaking news, video, audio and feature stories. BBC News provides trusted World and UK news as well as local and ...
news.bbc.co.uk
 
Happiness Foundation - Home
Copyright 2001-2006, Happiness Foundation.
www.happiness.org
 
So what do you have to do to find happiness? - Sunday Times ...
Behind the neoclassical facade of the Royal Institution, in London's Mayfair, the latest in a 200-year series of lectures was taking place in a hushed ...
www.timesonline.co.uk
 
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Happiness
The primary meaning of this term in all the leading European languages seems to involve the notion of good fortune, good chance, good happening.
www.newadvent.org
 
TIME Magazine: Mind & Body: Happiness
Happiness is not cozy. It gleams most vividly against a background of black ... Most people find happiness in family connections and friendships ...
www.time.com
 
Happiness
Ask Dr. Kenner, clinical psychologist, any personal question toll-free. Happiness has a rational basis.
www.drkenner.com
 
האפינס happiness
HAPPINESS Written and Directed by Todd Solondz 1. EXT. HAPPY'S RESTAURANT - NIGHT. 1. ... JOY To happiness. EVERYONE ELSE To happiness! Glasses clink. ...
www.awesomefilm.com
 
Reflective Happiness
Dr. Seligman has developed a Reflective Happiness Program that ... Dr. Seligman & Reflective Happiness website featured in TIME Magazine cover story [more. ...
www.reflectivehappiness.com
 
BBC - Happiness - Homepage
A website devoted to the BBC Two comedy, Happiness.
www.bbc.co.uk
 
Pages tagged with "happiness" on del.icio.us
All items tagged happiness ??? view popular ... Authentic Happiness :: Using the new Positive Psychology ... Dream World, the world of happiness ...
del.icio.us
 
 

 

Content Menu
  • 101 uses for dirty diapers

  • 10 crucial and surprising steps to build trust in a relationship

  • 10 fatal traps you must avoid to maintain a harmonious and healthy relationship

  • 10 steps to happily ever after

  • 12 signs it is really time to leave your job

  • 14 tips for a good life

  • 15 ways to create some extra holiday money

  • 1 800 im calling heaven to talk to mother

  • 1 simple key to happiness

  • 5 steps to stress guard your family

  • 5 ways to ensure you will have a happy life after divorce

  • 6 keys to happiness

  • 7 gifts that multiply happiness

  • 7 good reasons to get your child involved in sports

  • 7 secrets of a happy marriage

  • 7 secrets to having a financially healthy family

  • 7 ways to improve your relationship

  • 8 simple ways to defend yourself against evil doers both online and off

  • 9 myths about being single

  • a

  • action points for effective grandparents

  • all i want for christmas is my son back

  • all my love and devotion a true story

  • amazing tips to improves your sex life

  • american women really dont like you

  • am i weird if i date online

  • anniversary blues

  • an ntertaining evening

  • are women from utopia and men from wal mart

  • are you addicted to your children

  • are you a juicy woman 10 juicy morsels to getting healthy

  • are you fit to love

  • are you meeting all your childs basic needs

  • are you placing your children in danger

  • are you trying too hard to be happy

  • artists helping children foundation just launched

  • ashton demi a giant step for older women

  • attraction is it worth it

  • attract a good and sexy man at any age

  • attract men like a magnet

  • attract true love dont date half a man

  • at the junction

  • a christmas carol the man and his book

  • a dash of cinnamon a pinch of the past a smidgen of the future

  • a recipe for romance

  • a short history of the origins of wedding favors

  • a time of grief and healing after separation and divorce

  • a way to find more happiness through your work

  • baby gift ideas

  • baby name meanings

  • baby poems for saying whats on your heart

  • baby shower hostess etiquette

  • baby shower poem a rhyme for the new born

  • bach flower remedies

  • bad company

  • bad girls lets be honest ladies arent you only into him because hes not into you

  • beating middle of the night stress

  • being dumped just plain sucks

  • better health and happiness for your baby

  • better than a million dollar lottery win

  • beyond the arch of swords making military marriage last

  • birthstones and their meanings

  • book review the male gift giving survival guide

  • boosting your success with six easy happiness tips

  • break free from the binds that tie you

  • budget concerns

  • calling forth a soulmate

  • can money buy happiness

  • can this relationship be helped

  • cat history and advantages of keeping cats

  • cat history cat myths advantages of keeping cats

  • cat history cat myths advantages of keeping cats as pets over dogs

  • celebrate the moment with a special housewarming gift

  • change your thinking and lose weight

  • cheap wedding favors

  • choose happiness

  • choose to be happy now

  • choosing wedding flowers with meaning

  • choosing your divorce method

  • choosing your wedding colors

  • clutter is natural

  • cooking up a plan organizing in the kitchen

  • cosmeceuticals the new wave in skin care solutions

  • create beautifully wrapped wedding gifts

  • create more happiness practise extreme self care

  • creating false expectations for clients

  • dating advice keep a guy interested

  • dating advice love shouldnt hurt

  • dating after divorce things to think about regarding dating after divorce

  • designing your kids room is childs play

  • developing your childs compassion

  • divine food for divine beauty

  • divorce advice getting divorce advice from the right source

  • divorce and children things to consider when youre staying married only for your children

  • divorce reasons what constitutes a viable reason for thinking about or wanting a divorce

  • divorce when forever is just too long

  • dogs and kids happy together

  • dogs kids happy together

  • do something smart and unique earth friendly wedding decorations

  • do you want your children to be like you

  • dressing a toddler whomever she is today

  • educational toys that stimulate chidrens mind

  • emotional freedom at your fingertips

  • enormous jewelry for dance value in belly dance costume

  • e book on russian women part 1

  • e book on russian women part 7

  • e book on russian women part 8

  • family as an entity

  • family as as entity

  • fast solutions with feng shui

  • feline human bond

  • feng shui tips for the bathroom

  • fill your heart with christmas

  • finding your feng shui power spots for love and romance

  • finding your soulmate

  • first communion trends for girls

  • follow your teens dreams

  • for the love of mommy

  • four keys to happiness

  • fragrance is it natural

  • free happiness

  • friendship suggestions for feeling better

  • funny wedding toasts add some quick humor to your toast

  • getting an exciting life after a break up

  • give and take recipe for success in marriage

  • give a hug for happiness

  • give your child the gift of self esteem

  • good places to meet excellent men

  • grassophobia

  • happiness and work your life depends on it

  • happiness is a state of mind im happy i think

  • happiness is just an affirmation away

  • happy marriage secrets

  • harmonizing for happiness

  • have they really changed

  • have you lost that loving feeling

  • help the kids are taking over

  • help your marriage survive the rough spots

  • he loved me to death invisible scars left undone

  • he still hasnt popped the question should you give him an ultimatum

  • holiday expectations

  • home business happiness

  • honeymoon help

  • housewife is that all you are

  • how can i find happiness

  • how can i get my partner to change

  • how do you define happiness

  • how much time do you have

  • how not to compromise with your partner

  • how to avoid the bootie call syndrome

  • how to choose your wedding colors

  • how to cope when things go wrong

  • how to create a thriving prosperous life

  • how to find select and afford a wedding photographer

  • how to find sustain and share happiness

  • how to get back the man you married

  • how to interview a wedding photographer

  • how to organize with feng shui and bring back order to your life

  • how to reorganize your divorce life for happiness

  • how to stop the media attack on your body

  • how to understand your cat

  • how to win back the heart of your husband in 3 easy steps

  • hunter and gatherer

  • if i hurt you then im sorry

  • index

  • in pursuit of happiness

  • is a mothers love medicine

  • is negative thinking scaring off your soul mates

  • is this the one

  • its not just about christmas trees and christmas gifts

  • it is that time of year again

  • i hope you are responsible

  • i saw an angel at work

  • japanese jewelry expand your options

  • jealousy a lonely place to be

  • june weddings

  • just because the phone rings

  • just love me

  • keeping a marriage happy

  • keeping love alive

  • kid time and couple time

  • laser hair removal tips

  • let kissing liven up your meetings and more kissing tips

  • let your child get dirty its essential for physical and mental development

  • let your wedding flowers speak the language of love

  • life after abuse there is a rainbow

  • life management skills for greater happiness

  • living the simple life

  • looking for happiness in the new year

  • lottery a mugs game mugged by the fat cats

  • love relationships focusing on what went right

  • maintaining your fish bowls

  • make your perfect lover come to life

  • making love last

  • man shortage again

  • marking togetherness beyond the unity candle

  • marriage miscommunication root cause of problems

  • married 4 good thinking

  • mommy baby styles of parenting

  • moms car stereo

  • moms get more energy now

  • money versus happiness

  • moral armors irrational parenting part i

  • more than mom and dad

  • mr cheapies frugal shopping tips

  • muscle pain and children do not mix

  • my single parent my savior

  • natural ways to boost your sexual power in autumn

  • no happiness without patience

  • no more excuses

  • no problem

  • online dating 101 the basics

  • online memorial a dedication of love for your departed loved ones

  • organizing challenges and hurdles

  • our house is a danger zone

  • painful lessons from the maternity ward

  • pampering your partner for intimate moments

  • parenting roots and wings

  • parenting the irrational vocation

  • parents and children working together

  • passion ration cited in divorce

  • personal happiness a personal responsibility

  • planning a babyshower

  • planning a beach wedding

  • plus size bridal gowns whats right for your big day

  • preparing for the birth of a baby essential baby clothes

  • preparing your child to move

  • preteen relationships

  • principles of human misery happiness

  • priorities dont dry your dishes

  • proper medical identification could save your life

  • public schools are un american

  • pull your wagon

  • quick fixes happiness in a bottle

  • real friends

  • reasons for divorce what constitutes viable reasons for thinking about or wanting a divorce

  • reasons you arent starting the decision making process about whether to get a divorce or stay married

  • rediscovering love and intimacy

  • religion is deeper than culture on being an african american buddhist

  • rotator

  • scrapbooking a lifetime of memories

  • selecting a baby shower theme easy as one two three

  • selecting the perfect gift for her

  • seven steps to a sucessful future

  • seven tips for choosing a maid of honor

  • sex is a serious thing

  • shoes gone astray

  • should i give up me to not lose you

  • should you forgive infidelity

  • signing steps to success with baby sign language

  • signs of a respectable russian marriage agency

  • single in a couples world

  • soul mate a pain in the neck

  • so you want to start a home daycare

  • spending time with your baby making the most of joy

  • spending time with your child

  • successful dating and marriage 1

  • successful dating and marriage 3

  • sucessful aging

  • suck up those dust hippos

  • summer every season

  • surprising new info about children allergies and pets

  • surviving divorce what to think about to ensure surviving divorce

  • survivor of abuse

  • teaching teens the value of money

  • the 5 secrets of keeping your husband in love with you

  • the art of letting go

  • the barney cure a cooperation technique for preschoolers

  • the beauty and meaning of birthstones

  • the chinese year of the goat

  • the crimes we commit against our marriages

  • the desired effect of music on child transform him or her into an angel

  • the endless pursuit of happiness

  • the family cycle i euphoric and dysphoric cycles in marriage

  • the final inspection

  • the fundamentals of a great marriage

  • the gift of a baby shower

  • the history of engagement rings and wedding bands

  • the history of valentines day

  • the informal normal in a black tie affair world

  • the love pyramid mini course

  • the maharishi ayurveda approach to beauty and skin care with nancy lonsdorf m d

  • the most powerful question a parent can ask

  • the official parenting cheesecake recipe

  • the origin and history of valentines day

  • the power of self esteem

  • the pursuit of happiness

  • the quest for intimacy and passion challenges for the acd

  • the realities of your relationship

  • the recipe for the making of a self assured child

  • the red balloon of happiness

  • the science of mother love

  • the secrets to true wealth and happiness

  • the secret of success in courtship and marriage sex and happiness part 3

  • the secret to success in courtship and marriage sex and happiness part 1

  • the secret to success in courtship and marriage sex and happiness part 2

  • the secret to success in courtship and marriage sex and happiness part 3

  • the secret to success in courtship and marriage sex and happiness part 4

  • the secret to success in courtship and marriage sex and happiness part 5

  • the sound of his laughter

  • the stamp of friendship

  • the thin line between teaching perseverance and pushing too much

  • the training baby

  • the truth about santa claus

  • the ugliness of low self confidence

  • the wooden room

  • the year of happiness

  • this old house just became a home

  • three inspirations for happiness

  • tips for a happy marriage

  • tips for choosing great flower girl dresses

  • tips for less holiday stress

  • tips for women as they adjust to married life

  • too many divorces

  • to invite or not to invite the dad to the shower

  • to love forever

  • to stay married start dating

  • uncovering your joy using a personal journal to discover a life filled with happiness

  • unhappiness is a curable disease

  • unusual baby boy names finding exotic and unique baby names

  • very precise fortune cookies

  • wedding favors a brief history

  • wedding flowers warm or pastel shades

  • wedding gifts not just for the bride and groom

  • wedding lore

  • wedding reception music top tips on enhancing your wedding drinks reception and wedding breakfast

  • wedding traditions unveiled

  • whatever happened to christmas

  • what are you creating

  • what is happiness and how to achieve it

  • what keeps you from your destiny

  • what the matter is

  • when family members are reacting differently to the loss of your pet

  • when mother comes to visit

  • when the seas of life get stormy surf the waves to fun happiness

  • when the seas of life get stormy use these tips to ride the waves to run and happiness

  • wheres your happiness hiding

  • where do we find true and lasting happiness

  • where have all the wise men gone jesus is not acceptable for christmas

  • which came first love or marriage

  • why other children are rejecting your child

  • why so much infidelity

  • will the angels abandon us

  • wise women money quiz how money wise are you

  • women and men never the twain shall meet

  • wood chips

  • words ignorance and casper the friendly ghost

  • writing out a detailed budget

  • youe can find more happiness through your work

  • your kids career whose choice

  • your values a strong foundation for motherhood

  • you better not lie im telling you why

  • you better not lie im telling you whysanta claus is coming