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Declarative Programming - Strategies for Solving Software Problems
Many software and hardware producers take pride in the
exponential pace of technology change, but for users and
consumers of their products and services the rapid technological
obsolescence often means increased costs, frustrations,...
Health and Gambling Correlates Among the Elderly
Many people believe that gambling and health have a negative correlation; that is to say the more one gambles, the more health problems she can expect to encounter. It seems like the newspapers are always full of stories about down on their luck...
Plastic Fantastic- Recycling of Plastic into steel making
PLASTIC FANTASTIC Engineers at the University of N.S.W have come up with a way to reuse plastic waste to produce steel. •In Australia, every year over 1,000,000 tonnes of plastic is put into landfill. •Only 10% of total waste plastic is ever...
Superultramodern Ethical / Aesthetical Relativism (SEAR)
According to Superultramodern Ethical/Aesthetical Relativism (SEAR) nothing is absolutely good or bad (or beautiful or ugly), but, as Shakespeare said, thinking makes it so. The novelty in SEAR is its foundations. A thinks C (say an idea) is good...
The FR ( Flawed Reason ) Theory
FR ( Flawed Reason ) theory is a theory that reason itself is ultimately flawed. That is, at some point Reason breaks down. It is not just a matter of human reason but Reason itself. FR theory, at least at this stage, does not say that it is...
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Advances in Prosthetic Devices Offer Increased Freedom for Amputees
Strong but lightweight materials and advances in technology have
translated into more comfort and higher function for amputees.
In the past artificial limbs were made of wood and existed
without moving joints, so that above the joint amputations in
particular severely limited the mobility of the individual. In
addition, the heavy wooden construction made the use of a
prosthesis difficult and uncomfortable. Now, modern lightweight
materials increase the comfort level of prosthetic use
enormously, and new technology allows much more freedom of
movement, even with above the joint amputations.
Prosthetic devices
with moveable joints have gone through a number of
transformations. Developing from a fairly clumsy mechanical
joint to ones with robotic capability, joints have gone from
operating using the musculature of the affected limb to being
able to directly access electrical impulses from the body of the
amputee, or from a computer within the artificial limb itself.
In addition, robotic devices using built-in computer technology
allow for much more subtle limb movements, allowing for more
natural capability.
This new technology has translated into an immense sense of
freedom for the amputee. People wearing these modern limbs are
running marathons, participating in downhill ski competitions,
and engaging in all sorts of sports and other recreational
activities that were barred to them in the past. Perhaps even
more importantly, they are more easily able to function in the
everyday world, meeting work requirements along with
their
non-disabled coworkers, and keeping up with family and friends
in their free time.
An Increase in Self-Esteem
When a previously able-bodied person is suddenly faced with
amputation of one or more limbs, whether because of an accident,
war injury, complications of diabetes, or cancer, the trauma of
the situation is a blow to the individual's core identity. One's
body image is shattered, and a host of fears set in: fear of
losing mobility, becoming dependent on others for their basic
care, of facing a lifetime of severely limited opportunities.
Being fitted with a modern, functional artificial limb and then
learning to use it can seem like a kind of miracle. As people
become more proficient and realize the possibilities opening up
to them, their self-esteem soars, and they can begin to look
forward to a productive, happy and option-filled life.
The Future of Prosthetics
The technology continues to improve in this important area of
medicine. Currently, scientific researchers are perfecting a
computerized robotic limb which can be directed by neuronal
impulses in the brain - in other words by an individual's
thoughts. As the science of prosthetics progresses, it promises
to further enhance the lives of those maimed by amputation.
About the author:
Aldene Fredenburg is a freelance writer living in southwestern
New Hampshire and frequently contributes to Tips and
Topics. She may be reached at amfredenburg@yahoo.com.
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| Science/AAAS | Table of Contents: 1 December 2006; 314 (5804) |
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