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Back to Square One
Back to Square One Terry Dashner………………Faith Fellowship Church PO Box 1586 Broken Arrow, OK 74013 We’ve come full circle. We’re back to square one. It has been a long journey filled with theologians, philosophers, scientists, and even atheists....
Chakras and a Balanced Brain
When does consciousness exist? Will the sentient robots being created with nanotechnology and the dumping of human memory such as was done to a computer chip by Stanford in 1999 have a soul of their own? I do not believe our soul is dumped in this...
I Challenge the 'experts'
GREAT WHITE BROTHERHOOD OF MASTER CRAFTSMEN: What the nature of 'mystery schools' was before Tuthmosis re-organized them (25) is hard to say. The claims of people within the Masons are challenged by many scholars. In reading the work of Conor...
On Empathy - Part I
The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1999 edition) defines empathy as: "The ability to imagine oneself in anther's place and understand the other's feelings, desires, ideas, and actions. It is a term coined in the early 20th century, equivalent to the...
SCORM/AICC Standards Used in Web-based Learning Management Systems
Learning management systems can be very complex. Viable learning
management systems are SCORM/AICC compliant. In this article, I
will provide a basic explanation of the SCORM/AICC standard used
in the marketplace today by many learning management...
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Monkey Ears
Just the other day I was talking to Ziggy, my Helping Hands capuchin monkey, and she looked at me quizzically and said, "Huh? Speak up!"
I have been operating under the assumption that her eyesight and hearing was equal to or better than ours. What made me think that? Well, we live at the top of a hill and, as a result, cars coming up the steep incline can generally can be heard lowering into a heftier gear just before their approach. When K-9, our Dalmatian was alive, even though she was a bright dog, Ziggy used to bark the arrival of an approaching vehicle before K-9 did. Therefore, I’d just assumed that the monkey’s ears were keener. Now a new study comes out from some researchers at the Michigan State University telling me I’m wrong. That monkeys’ hearing is "discernibly less acute than that of people for the frequency range in which human speech is expressed and heard." In fact, the clinical truth of this has been known for a long time, but a fundamental explanation as to why has forever been lacking. Until now.
Physics is a field dealing with the properties and interactions of matter and energy. Currently, a new subfield of physics, biological physics is providing answers to questions such as why monkey ears, while so similar to our own, work differently.
Michael Harrison, a Michigan State University physicist, has written a paper for the American Physical Society outlining, for the first time, his results explaining this phenomenon. And apparently size is the all important key.
To begin, Harrison tells us that we can think of our ears as holding pens for all matter of sound. Human ears register pure tones, which our brain eventually translates into meaningful sound such as speech or music, but the tones must fight their way through a lot of noise. The noise is created from the amount of air that is found inside the ear canal, under certain ambient air temperature. In other words,
Harrison explains it like this: "Air molecules are like people moving around in a crowded room at a cocktail party. The warmer it is, the more molecules—or cocktail guests—run around, and it creates noise. With this random noise, it’s harder to hear an individual conversation."
The constant ambient air temperature is the physical mechanism which, in random fashion, creates sound waves that resonate within the air column leading to the eardrum. It follows then, that these incoherent sound waves create a "resonant pressure" on the eardrum, similar to what it is like when you hold a seashell to your ear and the sound waves bounce around. The resonant pressure fluctuates and increases the random firing of nerve cells in the auditory system. Transmitted from the auditory system to the brain, these random firings result in noise that masks or obscures a signal that contains speech or other useful information.
The smaller shape of the monkey’s ears means that the monkey is faced with a lot more "seashell-type roar" and noise than humans take in. "So that’s what the average monkey is faced with—a lot more white noise is created in the little ear that blocks the outer ranges of sound. This also explains the historic bank of data that indicates that monkeys hear a smaller range of sounds than humans do.
So, in essence, my little Ziggy’s ears get a lot of ambient noise and those dumb looks in a chaotic setting can be written off to her diminished hearing, or, let’s say her not hearing at a comfortable level.
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Andrea Campbell is the author of Bringing Up Ziggy: What Raising A Helping Hands Monkey Taught Me About Love, Commitment, and Sacrifice. She frequently writes about monkeys, forensic science, criminal justice, writing and parties….
About the Author
Andrea Campbell is the author of eight books on a variety of subjects including forensic science, criminal law, and primatology.
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