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Dedicated Co-location Inside A Securely Monitored Bank Vault At LasVegas.Net
LasVegas.Net now provides co-location services for those that require complete control over their server configuration in a 24 hour monitored vault facility. Co-location is when a company connects their servers to the internet on our super fast...
Review on the Book "Photoshop for Right-Brainers: The Art of Photo Manipulation" by Al Ward
Al Ward's book offers the reader an innovative and custom made guide in manipulating photos suited to your taste. I find this interesting as it gives me a free hand in learning techniques without confining me to a rigid set of rules. Much room is...
The Benefits of Personnel Recruiting Software
Personnel recruiting software makes the process of finding and hiring qualified employees much quicker and easier. Personnel recruiting software is used by both professional staffing firms and by companies that do their own hiring. These software...
Trouble-shooting Hard Drive Problems - Part 2
The following article is the second in a series that helps solve many of the common boot problems with hard drives. (To read the first in article in the series click here). The article explains how to reconstruct the Volume Boot Record and will...
What is Preventive Maintenance Software? -
Preventive Maintenance (PM) is defined as scheduled work done on a system to identify and fix any occurring issues before they become problems. The concept of preventive maintenance applies to many different industries. PM is often done on...
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What Is Computer Programming Anyway?
Computer programming in plain language, is giving
instructions to a computer to do something. Technically it
is actually giving instructions to the microprocessor - the
brain of a computer.
If the instructions are only for the microprocessor, why a
computer is so complicated with numerous types of hardware
accessories?
All the other hardware are to support the function of
feeding the instructions to the microprocessor, and
conveying the result from the microprocessor to its user -
which can be a human or another computer or hardware.
Every time you want a computer to do something you have to
give the instructions. Luckily people are smart enough to
figure out that since we might want the computer to repeat
the same process over and over again, we better store the
instructions into a permanent storage - hard disk, CD, flash
memory etc.
The stored instructions are called COMPUTER PROGRAM or
computer software and the act of arranging the instructions
is called COMPUTER PROGRAMMING and the person that is
responsible to arrange the instructions is called
.....COMPUTER PROGRAMMER ...do you see the pattern here?
On the lowest level, a microprocessor only understands a
limited set of instructions. To a microprocessor the
instruction sets and data are read in “binary” form.
Binary means 2 states – such as in on and off, high and low,
left and right. To make it easier mathematically, binary
normally is represented by 1 and 0. Electrically, 1
represents high voltage and 0 represents low voltage.
On the hard disk, program instructions look just like a
stream of 1s and 0s. But a microprocessor reads in the
stream one chunk at a time. Among normal chunk sizes are 8,
16, and 32. Chunk size is normally referred to as
instruction size.
One binary data (that can be a 1 or a 0) is called a “bit”.
For example a data “1001” is a 4
bit data. Where first bit
is 1, second bit is 0, third bit is another 0 and the fourth
bit is 1.
Bit is the computer terminology for “chunk”.
How instructions can be represented by bits?
One bit data can only represent 1 out of 2 possible states –
either 1 or 0. Which in real world can be used to represent
things such as on or off, high or low, black or white – any
2 states condition?
If we increase the instruction size to 2 bits, then we can
represent 4 instructions – 00, or 01, or 10 or 11. If we
increase the size to 3 bits then we can represent 8 possible
instructions – 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111
If you notice the trend from the above examples is that
maximum possible number of instructions is the power of 2 of
the bit size. That is 2 bits can represent maximum of 2^2
(which is 4) instructions, and 3 bits can represent maximum
of 2^3 (which is 2x2x2 = 8) instructions.
So 8 bits data can represent maximum of 2^8 (2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2
= 256) instructions (or states) and 32 bits data can
represent 2^32 (4,294,967,296) instructions.
You can actually read a program stream contents using
certain editor – normally called HEX editor. Using these
special text editors you can look at the instructions in
binary, hexadecimal, octal, and decimal format.
I’ll cover the details of what each of the above format
(hex, oct and dec) means in other article.
Permission is granted for this article to forward, reprint
or distribute, use for ezine, website, offer as free bonus
or part of a product for sales as long as no changes are
made and the byline, copyright and the resource box is
included.
About the Author
Resource Box: Copyright © Shamsul Anuar of Bouncingcube.com
newsletter. To learn more about computer programming and
software development visit www.bouncingcube.com and
subscribe to the free newsletter
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| IEEE Computer Society's magazine covering all aspects of software, including software engineering. |
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| Software products for your digital life. ... The perfect addition for professional review. QuickTime Broadcaster. Encoding software for live events. ... |
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| Listing of the GNU software packages. |
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| IBM home page for all of its software products, including Lotus and Tivoli, with keyword search, category browse and AZ product names. |
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