|
|
|
10 Tips On How To Lower Cholesterol
Seriously high levels of 'bad' cholesterol (LDL) represent a menacing cause of heart disease. By lowering the LDL level in your blood, you will automatically lower the total level of the cholesterol in your body (the HDL also known as the 'good'...
Back Pain & Muscle Pain - Effective & Natural Pain Treatment Alternatives
Pain and Stress. They seem almost to go hand in hand - not only in their negative connotation, but also in their biological causes and triggers. Back pain and muscle pain is typically caused by inflammation in the proximity where the pain...
Controlling Type II Diabetes Through Diet And Exercise
If you have been diagnosed with adult onset type II Diabetes, you may be able to control your condition through diet and exercise. Many people have genetic predispositions for adult onset diabetes, but the disease is usually brought on by poor...
DETOX FOR BEAUTIFUL SKIN
DETOX FOR BEAUTIFUL SKIN Did you know every day an estimated 450 grams (1 pound) of toxins leave the body in sweat, carried out through the skin. This is possible, however, only if the pores through which sweat travels are open. Every day our skin...
Refining The Golden Hour
In one of the classic personal finance books, "The Richest Man
In Babylon," we are told that the way to wealth is to "pay
yourself first." That a portion of all you earn is yours to
keep. Great words, and just as applicable to your life...
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Pathophysiology of Tetanus
Tetanus is an acute, often fatal disease caused by an exotoxin produced in a wound by Clostridium tetani. Clostridium tetani is a gram-positive, nonencapsulated, motile, obligatively anaerobic bacillus. It exists in vegetative and sporulated forms. Spores are highly resistant to disinfections by chemical or heat, but vegetative forms are susceptible to the bactericidal effect of heat, chemical disinfectants, and a number of antibiotics.
Clostridium tetani is a noninvasive organism. It is found in soil and in the intestine and feces of horses, sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, rats, guinea pigs and chicken. Manure-treated soil may contain large numbers of spores too.
Tetanus occurs after spores or vegetative bacteria gain access to tissues and produce toxin locally. The usual mode of entry is trough a puncture wound or laceration. Tetanus may also follow elective surgery, burn wounds, otitis media, dental infection, abortion and pregnancy. Neonatal tetanus usually follows infection of the umbilical stump.
In the presence of anaerobic conditions, the spores germinate. Toxins,including tetanolysin (which potentiates infection) and tetanospasmin (a potent neurotoxin) are produced. Tetanospasmin, often referred to as tetanus toxin, causes clinical tetanus. The toxin produced is disseminated through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. However, it does not enter the central nervous system through this route, as it cannot cross the blood brain barrier except at the fourth ventricle. The toxin is exclusively taken up by
the neuromuscular junction, where it migrates retrograde transynaptically at the rate 75-250mm/day, a process which takes 3-14 days, protected from neutralizing antitoxin, predominantly to inhibitory synapses to prevent the release of acetylcholine.
The toxin acts after the incubation period (3-14) days) at several sites within the central nervous system, including peripheral motor end plates, spinal cord, brain and sympathetic nervous system. The typical clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin interferes with release of neurotrasmitters, blocking inhibitor impulses.
Blockade of spinal inhibition is produced when the toxin acts at the synapse of interneurons of inhibitory pathways and motor neurons. General muscle rigidity arises from uninhibited afferent stimuli entering the central nervous system from the periphery. The effect of the toxin on the brain is controversial; direct inoculation can cause seizures.
One of the many complications from tetanus is respiratory failure secondary to spasms, obstruction by secretions, exhaustion and pulmonary aspiration. Cardiovascular complications thought to be due to hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system include tachycardia, with heart rates over 180 beats per minute, severe vasoconstriction and hypertension. Autonomic dysfunction is seen as increased basal sympathetic activity and episodes of sympathetic over activity. (SOA).
About the Author
www.medical-explorer.com
|
|
|
|
|
| Aerobic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to: navigation, search. Look up Aerobic in ... Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic" ... |
| en.wikipedia.org |
|
| Aerobic exercise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| Aerobic exercise includes any type of exercise, typically those performed at ... In general, aerobic exercise is one performed at a moderately high level of ... |
| en.wikipedia.org |
|
| Aerobic Exercise |
| The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) defines aerobic exercise ... The important idea behind aerobic exercise today, is to get up and get moving! ... |
| www.gsu.edu |
|
| Turnstep.com |
| Turnstep is a large community of aerobics enthusiasts featuring over 10000 patterns, an active bulletin board, and more. |
| www.turnstep.com |
|
| Aerobic Respiration |
| Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose or another organic substrate in the presence of Oxygen. Strictly speaking aerobic means in air, ... |
| www.purchon.com |
|
| AFAA – Aerobics & Fitness Personal Trainer Certification & Group ... |
| AFAA offers personal trainer certification, group exercise certification and other fitness certifications for fitness professionals. |
| www.afaa.com |
|
| Jacki Sorensen's Aerobic Programs SuperSite |
| Fun aerobics classes for a complete workout. Jacki Sorensen's Aerobic Dancing, Workout and StrongStep classes are throughout the US and other countries. |
| www.jackis.com |
|
| The Cooper Institute |
| Nonprofit research and education organization dedicated to preventive medicine. Information on training, certifications, and products. |
| www.cooperinst.org |
|
| BodyTrends Health & Fitness: Search |
| At BodyTrends Find thousands of health, fitness and exercise products from top manufacturers. Offering related fitness articles and advice. |
| www.bodytrends.com |
|
| Carmen Electra's Official Aerobic Striptease Strip Workout |
| Carmen Electra's Aerobic Striptease Workout Video. |
| www.aerobicstriptease.com |
|
| Aerobic Exercise |
| A program of regular aerobic exercise can help you avoid chronic diseases ... To strengthen your heart, you should do aerobic exercise intensely enough to ... |
| orthoinfo.aaos.org |
|
| Bush Aerobics - Miniclip Games - Play Free Games |
| Help President Bush get fit and ready for his day. |
| www.miniclip.com |
|
| Aqua-Aerobic Systems |
| Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc. provides wastewater treatment systems for Aeration, Mixing, Filtration, Controls, SCADA, Biological Processes, Membranes. |
| www.aqua-aerobic.com |
|
| MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Aerobic |
| Aerobic. Printer-friendly version · Email this page to a friend. Contents of this page: ... Aerobic organisms · Aerobic organisms. Definition Return to top ... |
| www.nlm.nih.gov |
|
| Aerobic, Exercise and Fitness Videos by Cathe Friedrich |
| Geared towards the advanced home exerciser with information about Cathe Friedrich's aerobic and fitness videos. |
| www.cathe.com |
|
| Aerobics, Aerobic Spot, Step, Kickboxing, Choreography, Strength ... |
| Fitness center offering exercise classes, step aerobics, kickboxing, fitness tips, and strength training. |
| www.aerobicspot.com |
|
| ExRx Aerobic Conditioning |
| ExRx.net is a resource for the exercise professional, coach, or fitness enthusiast. |
| www.exrx.net |
|
| Aerobics Music - Step Aerobic Music - Exercise Music - Fitness Music |
| Aerobics music for aerobic exercise workouts and fitness classes - the largest selection in the world! |
| www.aerobicsmusic.com |
|
| Jumpybumpy....aerobics music and fitness videos |
| Instructor portal offering aerobics and step choreography, videos and music, conventions and workshops, trainer listing. |
| www.jumpybumpy.com |
|
| Step aerobics choreography, videos, music, terms at Stepcenter.com |
| Step aerobics choreography (hundreds of animated moves and patterns), videos, step language dictionary, aerobic music board, training tips, aerobic links ... |
| www.stepcenter.com |
|
|