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How does inhaled insulin work
There has been lots of research in the field of insulin
administration. To keep blood sugar under control insulin is
injected. P atients would prefer inhaled insulin to injected
insulin especially, when sometimes you have to take up to 6
injections daily. The different targets tried for insulin
delivery are through the upper airways i.e. the mouth, the nose
, the skin and even as suppositories. Oral delivery is not
possible due to the acidity of the stomach and the digestive
enzymes of the intestines which prevent the insulin molecules to
absorb into the blood. Inhaled insulin can reduce or eliminate
the daily insulin injections.
There are several systems in developmental phase by different
pharmaceutical firms with products like Aerodose R , AERxTM
Diabetes Management System, Qdose R and Exubera R .
An advisory panel to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on
September 8 th 2005 recommended approval of Exubera an inhaled
insulin for adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It is
predicted that Pfizer would launch Exubera in late 2006.Exubera
is produced by Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics, a
California biotechnology firm (formerly Inhale Therapeutic
Systems, Inc.) in partnership with Pfizer.
Other inhalable insulins still on human testing are by
Indianapolis-based Lilly and Alkermes Inc., and another is by
the Danish firm Novo Nordisk and Aradigm. The Lilly-Alkermes
inhaler is small enough to fit in the palm of the hand and is
breath-activated, but Exubera, a larger device and it relies on
compressed air to operate. The Lilly-Alkermes inhaler is
expected to reach the market only by 2008.
How does inhaled insulin work?
The delivery of the Exubera is designed in such a way that this
should be small enough to get into the lungs and not large
enough to be breathed out. Exubera is a rapid-acting, fine
dry-powder insulin. The blister packs are loaded into the
inhaler device and a trigger is squeezed to disperse the insulin
powder into the
compartment above. When this is inhaled through
the mouth the finely powdered air reaches directly into the
lungs. Insulin passes through the alveolar wall found in the
lung and enters into the blood circulation. Breathing once or
twice would be sufficient. The content in the blister pack is 20
% insulin and 80% is not revealed. The insulin is reported to be
stable for 6 to 24 months at room temperature. Proper training
will also be given to people on how to use the inhaler properly.
I nhaled insulin enters the bloodstream more rapidly than by
subcutaneous injection.
Blood sugar control was equivalent when compared to injected
regular and inhaled regular insulin. There are some concerns
about the long term effects of chronic inhalation of a growth
protein into the lungs. Some experts are also worried about
people exposed to second hand smoke or lung disease like asthma
or emphysema especially since there have been minor reductions
in breathing efficiency in some patients and some patients
reported coughing.
This inhaler is also effective during cold and upper respiratory
infections but may not be that effective during pneumonia.
Smokers will be excluded from taking the drug because the cells
in the lungs will be already damaged due to smoking t heir blood
sugar could fall dangerously low with Exubera because they
absorb much more inhaled insulin in their lungs than nonsmokers.
Delaying insulin treatment can contribute to higher blood sugar
levels, which can lead to complications such as nerve damage,
cardiovascular problems, vision loss and kidney disease.
About the author:
Anita cherry is a health enthusiast who offers informative tips
on certified organic products. For more information on health
visit
http://www.healthinfoforyou.com/an/How-does-inhaled-insulin-work.
htm
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American Diabetes Association Home Page |
Their mission is to prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by this disease. Available in English and Spanish. |
www.diabetes.org |
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Diabetes Information - American Diabetes Association |
The American Diabetes Association recommends the FPG because it is easier, ... Take the first steps toward better diabetes care by visiting the Diabetes ... |
www.diabetes.org |
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Diabetes UK home page - Diabetes UK |
Diabetes UK is the largest organisation in the UK working for people with diabetes, funding research, campaigning and helping people live with the ... |
www.diabetes.org.uk |
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Canadian Diabetes Association |
To promote the health of Canadians through diabetes research, education, service, and advocacy. |
www.diabetes.ca |
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Diabetes information including treating type 2 diabetes at ... |
Offers dietary recommendations, including recipes and tips on managing blood sugar levels. From GlaxoSmithKline. |
www.diabetes.com |
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Diabetes |
Web site for Diabetes. ... publishes Diabetes. Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press ® assists in the publication of Diabetes Online ... |
diabetes.diabetesjournals.org |
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CDC Diabetes Public Health Resource |
The diabetes information homepage of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provided by the CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation. |
www.cdc.gov |
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CDC - Health Topic: Diabetes |
Diabetes · Diabetes and Research Diagnostics · Diabetes Surveillance Report · FAQ's on Diabetes · Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon ... |
www.cdc.gov |
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National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse |
Provides educational materials to increase knowledge and understanding about diabetes among patients, health care professionals, and the general public. |
diabetes.niddk.nih.gov |
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Diabetes mellitus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
For diabetes mellitus in pets, see diabetes in cats and dogs. ... Type 1 diabetes mellitus - formerly known as insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), ... |
en.wikipedia.org |
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MedlinePlus: Diabetes |
(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) - Links to PDF ... Select services and providers for Diabetes in your area. ... |
www.nlm.nih.gov |
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MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Diabetes |
Diabetes affects about 18 million Americans. There are many risk factors for ... These levels are considered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes and its ... |
www.nlm.nih.gov |
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Diabetes |
What to expect from your diabetes diagnosis? Get up-to-the-minute information about medications, insulin, blood sugar management, nutrition requirements, ... |
diabetes.about.com |
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WebMD Diabetes Health Center - Information on Type 1 and Type 2 ... |
Find in-depth information here about diabetes prevention, diet, ... Study Shows Burned-Out Staffers More Likely to Get Type 2 DiabetesGo To Article ... |
www.webmd.com |
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WebMD Health - 404 Error |
Allergies|Anxiety Disorders|Arthritis|Asthma|Back Pain|Bipolar Disorder|Cancer|Children's Health|Cholesterol|Depression| Diabetes|Diet & Nutrition|Erectile ... |
www.webmd.com |
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Diabetes Overview |
Defines diabetes, including the various types and treatments. Provides information on the impact and cost of the disease, its increasing prevalence, ... |
www.niddk.nih.gov |
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Diabetes News - The New York Times |
A free collection of articles about diabetes published in The New York Times. |
topics.nytimes.com |
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children with DIABETES Online Community |
An online community for kids, families, and adults with diabetes, featuring message boards, chat rooms, and questions/answers from medical professionals. |
www.childrenwithdiabetes.com |
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International Diabetes Institute - Diabetes Research, Education ... |
The International Diabetes Institute is the leading national and international centre for diabetes research, diabetes education and diabetes care. |
www.diabetes.com.au |
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Diabetes New Zealand |
Educates and informs people about diabetes, its treatment, prevention, and cure of diabetes. |
www.diabetes.org.nz |
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