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Why Network Documentation Is So Important
You may reprint or publish this article free of charge as long
as the bylines are included.
Original URL (The Web version of the article)
------------
http://www.defendingthenet.com/newsletters/WhyNetworkDocume
ntationIsSoImportant.htm
Title
------------
Why Network Documentation Is So Important
Undocumented Networks
------------
I can't tell you how many projects I've worked on in which the
customer has little to no network documentation. The reason for
the lack of network documentation is varied. In many cases this
is both the fault of the customer and the vendor / consultant
who designed and implemented the network. The vendor just does
not do it and the customer does not press hard enough for it. In
some cases, technology consultants do not feel it's important
enough or want to lock the customer into having to call "them"
if something goes wrong or a configuration needs to be changed.
Not only is this poor practice on the side of the consultant, it
can have a dramatic affect on the future growth of the customer,
increase the costs of future network upgrades and diagnostics,
and can negatively impact the security of the customers network.
The Results Of A Undocumented Network
------------
Before I tell you the basic items that need to be documented
with regards to computer networks, I first want to give you
examples of what I have "not" seen documented, and what problems
this has caused.
During one of my past projects, which was primarily to implement
a new firewall and to secure many of the internal systems , I
ran into some really incredible issues. None of the primary
server systems were documented. No one knew what server did
what, how much memory, disk space, what type of processor(s),
and in some cases, did not know what Operating System was
installed. And worse than that, during my initial review, we
located three servers in a closet, on a different floor, that no
one even knew existed!
Because of the lack of network documentation, no one knew what
was suppose to be done to maintain their enterprise Anti-Virus
system. When I finally determined what the admin password was to
login to the Anti-Virus services, I found that virus signatures
had not been updated in over six months. Then we found that the
system was not even functioning and nearly 90% of systems on the
network were infected with virus and worms (and not the annoying
kind either, the destructive kind)
We also found there were four different tape backup servers, and
again, because of the lack of network documentation, none of
them had been maintained. The customer just kept changing tapes.
And do you know what, none of the backup jobs had been running
for months. Talk about a false sense of security!
The very last thing I want to talk about is how lack of network
documentation and procedures can affect network security. In one
case, a customer had a rather expensive Check Point Firewall in
place. No documentation was available and the customer had been
told that nothing needed to be done to maintain the Firewall.
The customer told me that recently, their Internet access had
become very sluggish. It took two days to locate the Check Point
console password. When I logged in I found that the C: drive had
absolutely no free disk space because the Firewall log had
consumed it all. This could have been
avoided if the Firewall
was setup properly in the first place. The Firewall was also
about 4 Service Packs behind, and the rules in place were quite
inadequate. Not to mention that none of the rules themselves had
been documented. And one more thing to think about. If this
network had been attacked and compromised, how quickly would we
have been able to respond to the attack if so much of the
network was undocumented? It would have been a disaster.
Basic Network Documentation
------------
Here is a basic set of items that should be contained in network
documentation:
All server hardware and operating systems should be documented,
including the physical locations and what primary, secondary,
etc.. purpose they serve. All key service accounts an login
account user-id and password's should be documented and stored
in a safe location, maybe a company lockbox or vault, or use
something like KeyPass to store them. A visual diagram of the
network layout, even from a high level, should exist no matter
how small or large the network is. Products like WhatsUpGold can
assist with this or you can create a Visio diagram of the
network. Procedures on how to maintain the network technology,
including Operating Systems, security related services, backup
and disaster recovery (business continuity), and firewall
technologies should exist. Additionally, you should document and
secure all Operating System and application licensing. This is
something that is very often overlooked and is imperative if you
have to recover from a disaster situation in which the rebuild
of systems is necessary. Other information to have documented is
key contact information. For instance, who do you call if your
Internet connection goes down? Who do you contact if your
offsite web services are not functioning? Do you have a third
party that maintains your Domain Name Services (DNS)? If you
have custom applications, do you know exactly who you must call
if there is a problem?
The above is just the basic items that need to be documented
within a computer network. There are many more aspects to
network documentation.
Who Needs To Document Their Network
------------
In a nutshell, anyone who has a computer network, home office,
small office, or large office, should have an adequate level of
network documentation and procedures to follow in order to
maintain the network. If you have invested in network
technology, don't you want to keep your investment safe, sound,
and performing at it's peak?
Conclusion
------------
If you are a customer, and have a systems integrator or
consultant working on a new network implementation or upgrading
an existing one, demand that they provide you with complete
network documentation. Even if it costs you extra you should
request it. It will save you a lot of time and money in the
future. And, it may actually keep your business from
experiencing long periods of down time.
About the author:
About The Author
------------
Darren Miller is an Information Security Consultant with over
sixteen years experience. He has written many technology &
security articles, some of which have been published in
nationally circulated magazines & periodicals. If you would like
to contact Darren you can e-mail him at
Darren.Miller@ParaLogic.Net. If you would like to know more
about computer security please visit us at http://www.de
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