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A Look at Xanthones and Mangosteen
A Look at Xanthones and Mangosteen
We've all heard the news for years about how important it is to
get the right amount of antioxidants in order to keep our bodies
healthy and ward of disease. Now there's a new classification of
antioxidants...
Distressing Acne and its Probable Causes.
If you are on your teenage years, pretty good chances that you have some acne. About 8 to 10 preteens and teens have acne along with many adults. It is but a common skin problem that is considered to be a normal part of puberty. Apparently, it does...
Evaluating Dementia: Assessment for Treatable Causes
"Dementia" means an acquired, persisting decrease in mental functioning. Dementia is not a disease or a final diagnosis; instead, it refers to a category of symptoms that can be the result of a diverse group of conditions and diseases. Everyone...
Making Sense of Medicare Part D - Out-of-Pocket Expenses
Copyright 2005 Jeremy Cockerill
A complete understanding of Medicare Part D Out-of-pocket
expenses is critical for all Medicare-eligible individuals in
order for them to maximize their savings and get the most out of
the program.
What...
The Plant-Based Diet: Is Meat Good for You?
Copyright 2011 Mary Desaulniers
Imagine this scenario: your 12 month old baby is fussing because
it is past his feeding time. You warm up his bottle of regular
whole milk. No more infant formula. He looks healthy. You are
feeding him well...
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Lead Toxicity: Low-Level Environmental Exposure
"Introduction
Lead poisoning is as ancient as Roman history, and indeed lead has been used extensively by the Romans and described by the Romans. The purpose of the manuscript is not to discuss classic lead toxicity and lead poisoning effects, but to address the concept of low-level environmental lead toxicity and poisoning.
Low-Level Environmental Exposure
In developed countries lead poisoning is not prevalent; however, in developing countries lead poisoning is extremely common, to such an extent that world-wide lead toxicity and lead poisoning remain the most common of occupational poisoning. The most common occupational and environmental exposures to lead are encountered in the manufacturing of lead batteries, paints and colors; lead compounds; rubber products and glass; grinding, dicing and cutting by power tools, products containing lead; sanding down from the application of lead paints and glazes; inhalation of lead oxide fumes in the demolition of old industrial buildings and cutting lead pipes with gas powered burning torches; firearm instructors; and law enforcement agents in the process of firearm instruction. The most common environmental nonindustrial exposure to lead is via the drinking water and in communities residing around incinerators, toxic dumps, and manufacturing industries utilizing lead and releasing lead into the environment. Organic lead compounds have been added to petrol as anti knock agents for over half a century, and exposure may result from handling of these compounds in refineries or during cleaning out of tanks which contained
leaded petrol.
In the last 10 years, studies by the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as other international regulatory agencies, have shown that chronic low-level exposure to lead is associated with societal problems, such as brain dysfunction in children exposed to lead in drinking water, neurobehavioral changes in adults, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. As a result, the Environmental Protection Agency has moved to reduce the lead concentration in drinking water to very low levels. This notion of low level toxicological exposure to lead is changing the presenting picture of lead toxicity. While in the past the classic presentation would be the patient who has been exposed to high levels of lead and developed abdominal pain, anemia and neurological changes, the picture now becomes more subtle, as a result of prolonged low-level exposure which affects mainly the central nervous system and causes neurobehavioral changes. Also, the issue of prolonged lead exposure and hypertension has recently been recognized as a societal problem and a cause for hypertension and kidney disease.
"
About the Author
"Dr. Nachman Brautbar is a board-certified internist and nephrologist, with a specialization in toxicology. His list of past and present academic appointments include: Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of Southern California, School of Medicine. He specializes in the toxicological and internal medicine aspects of injury in the workplace, product liability, personal injury, standard of
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National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health |
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