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Simone is exasperated. She has to work on her university assignment but her PC is not working properly. For example: She would like to open a single Internet Explorer window but a whole series of windows are opening up. Simone is not alone when it...
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Internetworking Overview
Internetworking:
Internetworking involves connecting two or more computer
network with some sort of routing device to exchange traffic
back and froth, and to guide traffic on the correct path across
the complete network to their destination . Connecting together
two or more networks with bridges sometimes inaccurately refer
to as internetworking ,but the resulting system is a single
subnetwork ,and users require no internetworking protocol, such
as IP,to traverse it. Briefly, I will present :Network Layers,
Tunneling technique .-which are misunderstood terms in computer
network-
Network layers:
1.physical layer (Repeaters & Hubs): They just move the bit from
one network to an identical network. these are mostly analog
devices and do not understand any thing about digital
protocols(regenerate singles)
2.Data link layer (Bridges & switches): They accept frames
,examine MAC addresses and forward the frames to different
networks ,doing minor protocol translation.
3.Network Layer (Routers): They can connect two networks and do
packet translation ,but translation is increasingly rare.
4.Transport Layer(Transport Gateways): They can interface
between two transport connection
.For example ,allow packets to
flow between a TCP network and SAN network.
5.Application Layer (Application Gateways): They translate
message semantics for the data being moved, such as parsing and
changing header fields between an Internet e-mail and X.400
e-mail.
How Network Differ?
Networks can differ in many ways: 1.They may differ in their
Physical layer :by having different modulation technologies.
2.they may differ in their data link layer by: having different
frame format. 3.they may differ in their network layer by:
having different internetworking protocols.
Networks can be connected by different devices according to the
level of connection.
Tunneling: Tunneling is a technique used for passing information
between two networks of the same type of network, but there is a
different network in between. When the router gets the frame, it
pulls the IP packet out of the frame and drops it into the
payload field of anther frame to send across the WAN. this is
undone at the other end ,allowing the data to be received on the
other end.-More about Tunneling later-
To Be Cont .. T. M . Harahsheh
About the author:
Jordan
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